| Summary: | The scope of this reflection is to emphasize the typology and originality of European integration, in which the cosmopolitanism achieved is such that it is inaccessible to a national state, no matter how perfect its democratic structure. Although the democratic configuration of the European Union is insufficient and need further deepening, it is not only a guarantee of fundamental individual rights but also of the rights of the Member States and their peoples as collectives, supported by a “complex sovereignty” – shared by the Member States and Regions; in this way, the Union can respond to the great challenges of the 21st century – impossible by the isolated action of an isolationist sovereignty – and the resulting European identity is a post-national identity.
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