| Resumo: | Basing ourselves on Janelidze and Kelly’s general notion of central extension, we study universal central extensions in the context of semi-abelian categories. Thus we unify classical, recent and new results in one conceptual framework. The theory we develop is relative with respect to a chosen Birkhoff subcategory of the category considered: for instance, we consider groups vs. abelian groups, Lie algebras vs. vector spaces, precrossed modules vs. crossed modules and Leibniz algebras vs. Lie algebras. We also examine the interplay between the relative case and the “absolute” theory determined by the Birkhoff subcategory of all abelian objects.
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