| Summary: | The ordering of events is a fundamental problem of distributed computing and has been extensively studied over several decades. From all the available orderings, total ordering is of particular interest as it provides a powerful abstraction for building reliable distributed applications. Unfortunately, deterministic total order algorithms scale poorly and are therefore unfit for modern large-scale applications. The main contribution of this paper is EPTO, a total order algorithm with probabilistic agreement that scales both in the number of processes and events. EPTO provides deterministic safety and probabilistic liveness: integrity, total order and validity are always preserved, while agreement is achieved with arbitrarily high probability. We show that EPTO is well-suited for large-scale dynamic distributed systems: it does not require a global clock nor synchronized processes, and it is highly robust even when the network suffers from large delays and significant churn and message loss.
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