| Summary: | The increase in services provided by mobile network operators, as well as traffic over wireless networks (WiFi), has intensely exploited the available radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The fixed telecommunications network that connects radio antennas, Wi-Fi access points, or other technologies (eg, Wimax) supports new services that require higher transmission rates and connections, such as cloud computing, HDTV, Internet of Things (IoT) or Machine-to- Machine (M2M) communication. Silicon single-mode fiber optic (SMF) has been chosen as a means of transporting data on the fixed network as it offers higher bandwidths and transmission rates. In a desirable ubiquitous and transparent optical network context, there are still several bottlenecks in the network structure, whether due to the characteristics of SMF or economical from a cost/return perspective. Besides, current access networks based on SMF cable or RF connections are subject to interruptions and should therefore be able to provide alternative transmission paths. On the other hand, the expected increase in information traffic in the near future leads to the establishment of new spectral allocation protocols for SMF. The ITU-T G.989 standard thus emerges to promote next-generation (NGPON2) networks that seek to exploit the spectrum available in SMFs through point-to-multipoint Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks as well as in UDWDM (Ultra-Dense WDM) in a point to point configuration, addressed to the end-user. In this context, plastic optical fiber (POF) appears as an alternative transmission medium to the SMF and promising in the short-range network. The implementation of the POF extends to the telecommunications operators' access network, the residential / building telecommunications network, transport vehicles or the rapid re-establishment of communications in accidentprone optical networks. Free Space Optical Transmission (FSO) is also a promising means of communication and alternative for short-range RF or SMF connections. FSO connections can be applied to the telecom operator's access network, standby connections between GSM antennas, the connection between an institution's buildings, point-to-multipoint wireless communications, or the quick re-establishment of a cable optical device accidentally interrupted. Thus, the POF and FSO transmission media will be studied here, exploring new spectral limits and transmission capabilities involving GPON and NGPON2 network protocols. Coherent reception and data retrieval through software-defined receivers for real-time digital signal processing will be explored.
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