A review of the techniques to measure the hermeticity of glass frit encapsulated solar cells

Emerging 3rd generation photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells are very attractive for commercialization mainly due to their low-cost materials and fabrication processes. The main drawback of these devices is their poor long-term stability. To increase the long-t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jorge Martins (author)
Other Authors: Dzmitry Ivanou (author), Adélio Mendes (author)
Format: book
Language:por
Published: 2021
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/10216/140899
Country:Portugal
Oai:oai:repositorio-aberto.up.pt:10216/140899
Description
Summary:Emerging 3rd generation photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells are very attractive for commercialization mainly due to their low-cost materials and fabrication processes. The main drawback of these devices is their poor long-term stability. To increase the long-term stability of these devices, a hermetic encapsulation is required. The hermeticity of encapsulated devices are measured and characterized using hermeticity tests according to standard test procedures. A review of the several techniques to measure the hermeticity is presented, addressing the test methods, limitations and applicability to perovskite and dye-sensitized solar cells glass frit encapsulated devices.