| Resumo: | The present essay is developed in the field of architectural theory, history and project, being entitled "Architecture and Bionics - Narrative of Biological Analogies in Architecture". The broad objective of this essay consists in the study of the relationship between biology and architecture, and the acceptance of nature as a reference. Biological concepts like bionics, biomimetics, biognose, biomimicry, biotechnics and biomorphism owe their proliferation, in part, to the ubiquity of biological analogies in history. Therefore, the specific objective of this essay's first part is the theoretical and historical framework of bionic architecture. This consists on the definition of relevant biological concepts, and the study of their history. Then, we reformulate Philip Steadman's biological analogy system, and present the advantages or disadvantages of new methods of digital creation. The objectives of the second chapter of this study presuppose the analysis of a group of bionical architectural projects, and their categorization - it depends on the type of biological analogy each project conceives, formal or functional. In general each of the projects represent more than one biological metaphor, for example: animal, vegetal, genetic, ecological, symbolic or mathematical analogy. As we know Nature is a prodigious inventor, and it has produced all kinds of structures and materials; awakening in Man the desire of mimic biological shapes and qualities. In short, the second part of this study focus in the application of this "biological exercise" in architectural structures. The objectives of the third part of this study are: to compare bionic projects presented in the previously chapter; and to speculate about the future of bionic architecture. This study perceives the distinction between the benefits and losses of a biological inspired architecture. Some of the problems to be discussed are: the use of new materials in architecture, the biological behavior of a building, and bionic architecture's ecological need. We can say that one of the greatest gifts of learning from Nature is the possibility of creating a green sustainable architecture - we must build without destroying our environment. Therefore, the third part of the present study focuses in the ecological debate. Finally, it was necessary to discuss bionic's utopic practicability. This utopic upshot works as a personal, metaphysical end.
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